Steven Airspace

Flight Simulator Airspace Information

Circuit pattern flight usually used to perform landing excercises and to get more deepen your flight orientation. If you play music, it can be called a twelve-bar blues LOL. Circuit Pattern made with Visual Flight Rules (VFR). And for the VFR, ATC does not provide vector (heading), because the flight based on visual reference (visual reference). There are two types of circuit pattern, the Left Hand and Right Hand Pattern. Left hand pattern, if after airborne we turned left to join left downwind. As for right hand pattern, after airborne turn to the right to join right downwind. Here is the caption from the legs of the circuit pattern flight:

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The caption above shows that the airplane is gonna make ‘Left traffic pattern’, means after airborne the plane is gonna turn left to join the left downwind runway 23. Here is the details:

• ‘A’ when plane’s airborne.
• ‘B’ The plane is turning to the ‘Crosswind leg’
• ‘C’ The plane is established on ‘Left downwind’ runway 23
• ‘D’ is the area where the plane is joining ‘Base leg’ runway 23
• ‘E’ The plane is ‘On Final’ runway 23
• If the airplane is coming from the south of the airfield, airplane can enter the left downwind runway 23 at 45 degree to the downwind leg (see: light blue box).
• If the airplane comes from the same heading with runway. airplane can join the ‘Upwind’ runway 23. Until at least 1 minute passing THE EDGE of runway 23 the airplane can turn to ‘Crosswind leg’ to join ‘Left downwind’ runway 23 (Purple box).

The same procedure if you want to make ‘Right traffic pattern’
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METAR or MÉTéorologique Aviation Régulière or Aviation Rutin Weather Report is format for weather reporting. METAR is used by the pilots to know the weather conditions, winds conditions at an aerodrome where they will conduct the flights. Raw METAR is a very known format in aviation for weather data transmision. It’s also an ICAO standard.

METAR reports typically come from airports or permanent weather observation stations. Usually METAR is generated once an hour if there is no significant weather changes.
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How to read it?

I’m gonna use several METAR report for example.

WSSS 090730Z 21009KT 170V260 9000 FEW020TCU BKN300 32/25 Q1008 NOSIG

Okay, WSSS, Changi airport – Singapore.

090730Z = METAR was made at 09 (date), 0730Z (time)

21009KT = Wind from 210 degree at 09 knots (wind’s speed)

170V260 = indicates the wind direction is varying from 170° through 210°  to 260°

9000 = indicates the visibility is 9000 meters

FEW020TCU = Few clouds at 2000 feet, TCU is Towering Cumulus (Cumulus cloud that have potential to become into a cumulonimbus within a short time period)

BKN300 = indicates broken cloud at 30,000 feet

32/25 = temperature is 32 degree and dewpoint is 25 degree

Q1008 = QNH or altimeter setting is 1008

NOSIG = No significant changes

Next is

LBBG 041600Z 12003MPS 310V290 1400 R04/P1500N R22/P1500U +SN BKN022 OVC050 M04/M07 Q1020 NOSIG 9949//91

The rest is same as above, Let’s discuss the bold letters only.

12003 = wind from 120 degree with speed at 03 Meter per Second

R04/P1500N = Runway Visual Range (RVR) at Runway 04 is 1500 meters with no significant changes

R22/P1500U = Runway Visual Range (RVR) at Runway 22 is 1500 meters and rising

+SN = Snow falling at heavy intensity

OVC050 = Overcast at 5000 feet

M04/M07 = Temperature is -04°C and dewpoint is -07°C

9949//91 =

• indicates either a specific runway (eg. “25″=Rwy 25 or “25R”; “75″=Rwy 25L – adding 50 will indicate Left Runway) or all the airport’s runways (”99″)
• “4″ means the runway is coated with dry snow
• “9″ means 51 to 100% of the runway are covered
• // means the thickness of the coating was either not measurable or not affecting usage of the runway
• “91″ means the braking index is bad, in other words the tires have bad grip on the runway.

Note: For North America use Altimeter or code “A” in their altimeter setting (eg. “A3006″)

Other METAR Codes:

• CB = Cumulonimbus cloud
• TSRA = Thunderstorm, Rain at the area
• BECMG = Becoming
• CAVOK = Ceiling And Visibility OK

Regard’s

Steven Airspace

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