Steven Airspace

Flight Simulator Airspace Information

just felt it was important to share to you..Do you know what Alphabet Phonetic for radio telephony that used in the second world war era?

Okay, at this present time we are using the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) or also known as NATO radio phonetic alphabet. Why the common name is “NATO radio phonetic alphabet” whereas the first who develope this phonetic is the ICAO, and many other organizations that adopt these phonetic alphabet, such as FAA (Federal Aviation Administration), ITU (International Telecommunication Union), the International Maritime Organization (IMO)? It’s because NATO used this phonetic to facilitate the naval communication.

Now let’s start radio phonetic alphabet at the time of the second world:

ABLE    BAKER    CHARLEY    DOG    EASY    FOX    GEORGE
HOW    ITEM    JIG    KING    LOVE    MIKE    NAN    OBOE
PETER    QUEEN    ROGER    SUGAR    TARE    UNCLE    VICTOR
WILLIAM    X-RAY    YOKE    ZEBRA

After World War II, This phonetic alphabet continued to be used in civil aviation.  But the International Air Transport Association (IATA) realize the need of single universal alphabet. And they revised the phonetic alphabet as:

ALFA    BRAVO    COCA    DELTA    ECHO    FOXTROT    GOLF

HOTEL    INDIA    JULIETT    KILO    LIMA    METRO    NECTAR

OSCAR    PAPA    QUEBEC    ROMEO    SIERRA    TANGO    UNION

VICTOR    WHISKY    EXTRA    YANKEE    ZULU

And now we are using:

ALFA    BRAVO    CHARLEY    DELTA    ECHO    FOXTROT    GOLF
HOTEL    INDIA    JULIET    KILO    LIMA    MIKE    NOVEMBER
OSCAR    PAPA    QUEBEC    ROMEO    SIERRA    TANGO
UNIFORM    VICTOR    WHISKY    X-RAY    YANKEE    ZULU

isn’t that interesting…:)

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METAR or MÉTéorologique Aviation Régulière or Aviation Rutin Weather Report is format for weather reporting. METAR is used by the pilots to know the weather conditions, winds conditions at an aerodrome where they will conduct the flights. Raw METAR is a very known format in aviation for weather data transmision. It’s also an ICAO standard.

METAR reports typically come from airports or permanent weather observation stations. Usually METAR is generated once an hour if there is no significant weather changes.
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How to read it?

I’m gonna use several METAR report for example.

WSSS 090730Z 21009KT 170V260 9000 FEW020TCU BKN300 32/25 Q1008 NOSIG

Okay, WSSS, Changi airport – Singapore.

090730Z = METAR was made at 09 (date), 0730Z (time)

21009KT = Wind from 210 degree at 09 knots (wind’s speed)

170V260 = indicates the wind direction is varying from 170° through 210°  to 260°

9000 = indicates the visibility is 9000 meters

FEW020TCU = Few clouds at 2000 feet, TCU is Towering Cumulus (Cumulus cloud that have potential to become into a cumulonimbus within a short time period)

BKN300 = indicates broken cloud at 30,000 feet

32/25 = temperature is 32 degree and dewpoint is 25 degree

Q1008 = QNH or altimeter setting is 1008

NOSIG = No significant changes

Next is

LBBG 041600Z 12003MPS 310V290 1400 R04/P1500N R22/P1500U +SN BKN022 OVC050 M04/M07 Q1020 NOSIG 9949//91

The rest is same as above, Let’s discuss the bold letters only.

12003 = wind from 120 degree with speed at 03 Meter per Second

R04/P1500N = Runway Visual Range (RVR) at Runway 04 is 1500 meters with no significant changes

R22/P1500U = Runway Visual Range (RVR) at Runway 22 is 1500 meters and rising

+SN = Snow falling at heavy intensity

OVC050 = Overcast at 5000 feet

M04/M07 = Temperature is -04°C and dewpoint is -07°C

9949//91 =

• indicates either a specific runway (eg. “25″=Rwy 25 or “25R”; “75″=Rwy 25L – adding 50 will indicate Left Runway) or all the airport’s runways (”99″)
• “4″ means the runway is coated with dry snow
• “9″ means 51 to 100% of the runway are covered
• // means the thickness of the coating was either not measurable or not affecting usage of the runway
• “91″ means the braking index is bad, in other words the tires have bad grip on the runway.

Note: For North America use Altimeter or code “A” in their altimeter setting (eg. “A3006″)

Other METAR Codes:

• CB = Cumulonimbus cloud
• TSRA = Thunderstorm, Rain at the area
• BECMG = Becoming
• CAVOK = Ceiling And Visibility OK

Regard’s

Steven Airspace

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